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Heinrich Hoffmann (pilot)
''Oberfeldwebel'' Heinrich Hoffmann (8 March 1913 – 3 October 1941) was a German World War II Luftwaffe Flying ace. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.〔Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.〕 Hoffmann is credited with 63 aerial victories in 261 combat missions and was the first non-commissioned officer and first soldier of the Wehrmacht to be awarded posthumously the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub'').〔Obermaier 1989, p. 47.〕〔Weal 2007, p. 22.〕 The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.
==Early life and career==
Hoffmann, the son of carpenter master craftsman Ernst Hoffmann, was born on 8 March 1913 in Pfiffigheim. Pfiffigheim is a borough of Worms, at the time in the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine, a constituent state of the German Empire. Interested in flight, he was an active member of the Hitler Youth and later with the National Socialist Flyers Corps where he received his first flight training in 1936.〔Stockert 1996, p. 208.〕
He joined the ''Luftwaffe'' in 1937 and was promoted to ''Unteroffizier'' (corporal, non-commissioned officer) of the Reserve in 1938.〔 Following fighter pilot training, he was assigned to the 3. ''Staffel'' (3rd squadron) of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing) on 18 May 1940.〔For an explanation of ''Luftwaffe'' unit designations see Organization of the ''Luftwaffe'' during World War II.〕 The squadron was later re-designated and as of 21 November 1940 was known as 12. ''Staffel'' (12th squadron) of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing).〔
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